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Annuity Glossary

Understanding annuity terminology is the first step toward making informed retirement decisions. Browse our comprehensive glossary of terms to build your financial knowledge.

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A
4 terms

Accumulation Period

Basics

The phase during which you make contributions to your annuity and your money grows tax-deferred. This period can last for years or even decades before you begin receiving payments.

Example

If you purchase a fixed annuity at age 55 and plan to start receiving income at 65, those 10 years represent your accumulation period.

Related Terms:
AnnuitizationDistribution PeriodTax-Deferred Growth

Annuitant

Basics

The person whose life expectancy is used to calculate annuity payments. The annuitant is often, but not always, the same person as the contract owner.

Example

A husband may own an annuity contract but name his wife as the annuitant, meaning payments would be based on her life expectancy.

Related Terms:
Contract OwnerBeneficiary

Annuitization

Income

The process of converting your annuity accumulation into a stream of periodic income payments. Once annuitized, you typically cannot access the remaining principal as a lump sum.

Example

After 15 years of accumulation, John decided to annuitize his contract, converting his $200,000 balance into monthly payments of $1,100 for life.

Related Terms:
Accumulation PeriodIncome RiderPayout Options

Annuity

Basics

A financial contract between you and an insurance company where you make a lump sum payment or series of payments in exchange for regular disbursements, beginning either immediately or at some point in the future.

Example

Mary purchased a fixed annuity with $150,000 from her retirement savings to guarantee income throughout her retirement years.

Related Terms:
Fixed AnnuityImmediate AnnuityDeferred Annuity
B
1 term

Beneficiary

Basics

The person or entity designated to receive the remaining value of an annuity contract upon the death of the annuitant or contract owner.

Example

Susan named her two children as equal beneficiaries, so each would receive 50% of the annuity value if she passed away.

Related Terms:
Death BenefitContract OwnerAnnuitant
C
2 terms

CD-Type Annuity

Product Types

A type of fixed annuity that works similarly to a bank certificate of deposit, offering a guaranteed interest rate for a specific term, typically ranging from 1 to 10 years.

Example

Robert chose a 5-year CD-type annuity offering 4.5% guaranteed interest, knowing his principal would be protected.

Related Terms:
Fixed AnnuityMYGAGuaranteed Interest Rate

Contract Owner

Basics

The person who owns the annuity contract and has the right to make changes, such as naming beneficiaries, making withdrawals, or surrendering the contract.

Example

As the contract owner, Patricia had the authority to change her beneficiary designation from her ex-husband to her daughter.

Related Terms:
AnnuitantBeneficiary
D
2 terms

Death Benefit

Benefits

The amount paid to beneficiaries upon the death of the annuity owner or annuitant. In fixed annuities, this is typically the accumulated value of the contract.

Example

When George passed away, his wife received the full $175,000 death benefit from his fixed annuity, which included all accumulated interest.

Related Terms:
BeneficiaryAccumulated Value

Deferred Annuity

Product Types

An annuity contract where income payments begin at a future date, allowing your money to grow tax-deferred during the accumulation period.

Example

At age 50, Linda purchased a deferred annuity, planning to start receiving income payments when she retires at 67.

Related Terms:
Immediate AnnuityAccumulation PeriodTax-Deferred Growth
E
1 term

Exclusion Ratio

Taxation

The portion of each annuity payment that is considered a return of your original investment and therefore not subject to income tax.

Example

With an exclusion ratio of 60%, only 40% of each monthly payment is taxable income, reducing the overall tax burden.

Related Terms:
Tax-Deferred GrowthAnnuitization
F
2 terms

Fixed Annuity

Product Types

An insurance contract that guarantees a minimum interest rate on your contributions while protecting your principal from market losses. The insurance company assumes all investment risk.

Example

Carol chose a fixed annuity because she wanted guaranteed growth without worrying about stock market volatility affecting her retirement savings.

Related Terms:
Guaranteed Interest RatePrincipal ProtectionMYGA

Free Withdrawal

Withdrawals

The amount you can withdraw from your annuity each year without incurring surrender charges, typically 10% of the contract value.

Example

Even though his annuity was in the surrender period, Tom could withdraw up to 10% annually without any penalty.

Related Terms:
Surrender ChargeSurrender PeriodLiquidity
G
1 term

Guaranteed Interest Rate

Interest

The minimum rate of return that an insurance company promises to pay on a fixed annuity, regardless of market conditions.

Example

The fixed annuity guaranteed a 3.5% interest rate for the first 5 years, providing predictable growth for retirement planning.

Related Terms:
Fixed AnnuityCurrent Interest RateMinimum Guaranteed Rate
I
3 terms

Immediate Annuity

Product Types

An annuity that begins making income payments within one year of purchase, typically within 30 days. Often purchased with a single lump sum payment.

Example

Upon retiring, James used $300,000 to purchase an immediate annuity that started paying him $1,500 monthly right away.

Related Terms:
Deferred AnnuitySPIAIncome Stream

Income Rider

Benefits

An optional feature added to an annuity contract that guarantees a minimum level of lifetime income, regardless of the actual account value.

Example

The income rider guaranteed that Helen would receive at least $1,200 per month for life, even if her account value dropped to zero.

Related Terms:
Guaranteed Lifetime IncomeRider Fee

Interest Crediting

Interest

The method and timing by which interest is added to your annuity account. Fixed annuities typically credit interest daily, monthly, or annually.

Example

With daily interest crediting, your annuity earns compound interest every day, maximizing growth over time.

Related Terms:
Compound InterestGuaranteed Interest Rate
J
1 term

Joint and Survivor Annuity

Payout Options

An annuity payout option that continues making payments for as long as either of two people (typically spouses) is alive.

Example

Bill and Martha chose a joint and survivor option so that whoever lived longer would continue receiving monthly income.

Related Terms:
Life AnnuityPayout OptionsBeneficiary
L
2 terms

Life Annuity

Payout Options

An annuity payout option that guarantees income payments for the lifetime of the annuitant, regardless of how long they live.

Example

At 70, Margaret chose a life annuity option, ensuring she would receive $1,800 monthly for as long as she lives.

Related Terms:
Joint and SurvivorPeriod CertainLongevity Risk

Liquidity

Withdrawals

The ease with which you can access your money. Annuities generally have limited liquidity during the surrender period, though most allow some penalty-free withdrawals.

Example

While her annuity had limited liquidity, Sarah appreciated the 10% annual free withdrawal provision for emergencies.

Related Terms:
Free WithdrawalSurrender ChargeSurrender Period
M
2 terms

Minimum Guaranteed Rate

Interest

The lowest interest rate that a fixed annuity will ever pay, as specified in the contract. This rate provides a floor of protection for your earnings.

Example

Even if market rates dropped significantly, the annuity contract guaranteed a minimum rate of 1.5% would always be credited.

Related Terms:
Guaranteed Interest RateCurrent Interest Rate

MYGA (Multi-Year Guaranteed Annuity)

Product Types

A type of fixed annuity that guarantees a specific interest rate for a set number of years, similar to a CD but with tax-deferred growth.

Example

David purchased a 7-year MYGA with a 4.75% guaranteed rate, knowing exactly what his money would earn each year.

Related Terms:
Fixed AnnuityCD-Type AnnuityGuaranteed Interest Rate
N
1 term

Non-Qualified Annuity

Taxation

An annuity purchased with after-tax dollars, not held within a retirement account like an IRA or 401(k). Only the earnings are taxed upon withdrawal.

Example

Since she had maxed out her IRA contributions, Nancy used additional savings to purchase a non-qualified annuity.

Related Terms:
Qualified AnnuityTax-Deferred GrowthExclusion Ratio
P
4 terms

Payout Options

Income

The different ways you can choose to receive income from your annuity, including life only, joint and survivor, period certain, or lump sum.

Example

When annuitizing, Frank reviewed all payout options and selected a 20-year period certain to ensure his family would receive payments.

Related Terms:
Life AnnuityJoint and SurvivorPeriod Certain

Period Certain

Payout Options

An annuity payout option that guarantees payments for a specific number of years. If the annuitant dies before the period ends, payments continue to the beneficiary.

Example

With a 15-year period certain, if the annuitant passed away after 8 years, beneficiaries would receive the remaining 7 years of payments.

Related Terms:
Life AnnuityPayout OptionsBeneficiary

Premium

Basics

The amount of money you pay to purchase an annuity contract. This can be a single lump sum or a series of payments over time.

Example

Elizabeth made a single premium payment of $100,000 to purchase her fixed annuity.

Related Terms:
Single PremiumFlexible Premium

Principal Protection

Benefits

A key feature of fixed annuities where your original investment is guaranteed not to decrease due to market losses. Your principal is protected by the insurance company.

Example

Unlike her stock investments, Annas fixed annuity principal was fully protected even during the market downturn.

Related Terms:
Fixed AnnuityGuaranteed Interest RateSafety
Q
1 term

Qualified Annuity

Taxation

An annuity held within a tax-advantaged retirement account such as an IRA or 401(k), purchased with pre-tax dollars. All withdrawals are taxed as ordinary income.

Example

Richard rolled over his 401(k) into a qualified annuity IRA to maintain the tax-deferred status of his retirement savings.

Related Terms:
Non-Qualified AnnuityIRATax-Deferred Growth
R
2 terms

Renewal Rate

Interest

The interest rate applied to a fixed annuity after the initial guaranteed rate period expires. This rate is set by the insurance company and may be higher or lower.

Example

After the 5-year guaranteed period, the renewal rate was set at 3.25%, still above the minimum guaranteed rate.

Related Terms:
Guaranteed Interest RateCurrent Interest Rate

Rider

Benefits

An optional add-on feature to an annuity contract that provides additional benefits, such as enhanced death benefits or guaranteed income, usually for an additional fee.

Example

For an extra 0.5% annual fee, the income rider guaranteed lifetime payments regardless of account performance.

Related Terms:
Income RiderDeath BenefitRider Fee
S
4 terms

Single Premium

Basics

An annuity purchased with one lump sum payment rather than multiple payments over time.

Example

Using her inheritance, Karen made a single premium payment of $250,000 to fund her retirement annuity.

Related Terms:
PremiumFlexible PremiumImmediate Annuity

SPIA (Single Premium Immediate Annuity)

Product Types

An annuity purchased with a single lump sum that begins paying income immediately, typically within 30 days of purchase.

Example

At retirement, Michael converted $200,000 into a SPIA that began paying him $1,100 monthly within two weeks.

Related Terms:
Immediate AnnuitySingle PremiumIncome Stream

Surrender Charge

Fees

A fee charged if you withdraw more than the free withdrawal amount or cancel your annuity contract during the surrender period. These charges typically decrease over time.

Example

In year one, the surrender charge was 7%, but it decreased by 1% each year until it reached zero in year eight.

Related Terms:
Surrender PeriodFree WithdrawalLiquidity

Surrender Period

Fees

The number of years during which surrender charges apply if you withdraw more than the allowed amount or cancel your annuity contract.

Example

The annuity had a 7-year surrender period, after which all funds could be accessed without any penalties.

Related Terms:
Surrender ChargeFree Withdrawal
T
1 term

Tax-Deferred Growth

Taxation

A key benefit of annuities where your earnings grow without being taxed until you make withdrawals, allowing for potentially greater compound growth.

Example

Thanks to tax-deferred growth, Lindas annuity earnings compounded faster than they would have in a taxable account.

Related Terms:
Compound InterestNon-Qualified AnnuityQualified Annuity
W
1 term

Withdrawal

Withdrawals

Taking money out of your annuity before annuitization. Withdrawals may be subject to surrender charges, taxes, and potential IRS penalties if taken before age 59½.

Example

After turning 60, Steven began making systematic withdrawals of $500 monthly from his annuity to supplement his income.

Related Terms:
Free WithdrawalSurrender ChargeLiquidity
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